Definition
A Clapper—also known as a Clapperboard or Slate—is a tool used in film and television production to synchronize picture and sound and to record essential production information for each take. The clapper consists of a board (or slate) displaying scene and take information, with a hinged stick at the top that makes a distinct “clap” when snapped shut.
That sharp sound, paired with the visual cue of the clap closing, allows editors to sync separately recorded sound with the camera footage.
Purpose and Use
Before digital sync technology, film and audio were recorded on separate devices. The clapper provided an easy visual and auditory marker for aligning them in post-production. Even in the digital era, clappers remain an essential on-set tool for organization, timecode management, and editorial efficiency.
The clapper serves three primary purposes:
- Sync: Aligns picture and sound using the visual “clap” and its audio spike.
- Identification: Displays details such as production title, roll number, scene, take, and date.
- Logging: Helps editors quickly identify shots during dailies or in the edit timeline.
Anatomy of a Clapper
- Slate Board: Displays written or printed information—scene, take, roll, director, and date.
- Clapper Sticks: Hinged sticks (traditionally wood) that make the snapping sound when closed.
- Timecode Display (Digital Clappers): Modern versions include an LED timecode synced to the sound recorder for frame-accurate sync.
- Color Stripes: Used for color balancing during post; the bars provide a reference for white balance and exposure.
On-Set Procedure
- The 2nd Assistant Camera (2nd AC) typically operates the clapper.
- Before each take, they hold the slate clearly in front of the lens and announce:
“Scene 12, Take 3 — Mark!” - They clap the sticks together, creating a sync point.
- Once synced, the visual and audio spikes align perfectly in post-production.
Variations
- Tail Slate: Used when slating at the start isn’t possible—held upside down and clapped at the end of the take.
- MOS Slate: Used when shooting without sound; the sticks are left open to indicate “no sync.”
- Digital Slate: Displays timecode synced to multiple cameras and recorders.
Why It Matters
The clapper is one of the oldest yet most essential tools in filmmaking. It bridges communication between the set and the editing room, ensuring that every take is identifiable, synced, and organized—a vital step in maintaining efficiency throughout post-production.
Related Terms
- [2nd AC (Second Assistant Camera)] ? Crew member responsible for operating the slate and camera reports.
- [MOS] ? “Mit Out Sound,” meaning a take recorded without audio.
- [Timecode] ? A numerical timestamp used to synchronize video and audio recordings.